{"id":2486,"date":"2025-04-18T12:49:29","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T12:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/?p=2486"},"modified":"2025-10-29T07:25:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-29T07:25:14","slug":"how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain-2486\/","title":{"rendered":"How Internet Standards Are Made: Google Engineers Pull Back the Curtain"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In a recent episode of <i>Search Off the Record<\/i>, Martin Splitt and Gary Illyes offered an unfiltered look into how internet standards are created.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The conversation unpacked a process that underpins nearly every online interaction, from how websites are indexed to how data moves across networks.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2487\" src=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-229.png\" alt=\"How Internet Standards Are Made - Search Off the Record podcast\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-229.png 1920w, https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-229-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-229-1024x576.png 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The episode serves as a detailed guide to how protocols like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/blog\/robots-txt-guide\/\">robots.txt<\/a> evolve from informal conventions into formalized standards.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>It also explains the roles of major standards organizations, the logic behind slow timelines, and the very real consequences of getting it wrong.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=2vCZAzEP-TU\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/2vCZAzEP-TU?si=9v6a7GTZrS1geVW-\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_83 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\"><\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain-2486\/#what-exactly-is-an-internet-standard\" >What Exactly Is an Internet Standard?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain-2486\/#the-journey-from-idea-to-standard\" >The Journey from Idea to Standard<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain-2486\/#case-study-formalizing-robotstxt\" >Case Study: Formalizing Robots.txt<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain-2486\/#why-not-standardize-everything\" >Why Not Standardize Everything?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain-2486\/#the-long-timelines-are-a-feature-not-a-bug\" >The Long Timelines Are a Feature, Not a Bug<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain-2486\/#who-can-participate-almost-anyone\" >Who Can Participate? Almost Anyone<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain-2486\/#practical-lessons-for-developers-and-technologists\" >Practical Lessons for Developers and Technologists<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain-2486\/#key-takeaways\" >Key Takeaways<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"what-exactly-is-an-internet-standard\"><\/span><b>What Exactly Is an Internet Standard?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>At its core, a standard is an agreement. It ensures that the numerous systems, browsers, servers, and devices that comprise the web communicate using the same language.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>According to Splitt and Illyes, standards regulate the structure of websites (HTML), the transfer of data (HTTP, TCP\/IP), and search behavior (robots.txt, sitemap.xml).<\/p>\n<p>Standards can start in many ways\u2014an engineer\u2019s idea, an industry workaround, or even a meme.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>However, transforming that idea into a stable and trusted specification requires oversight by a standards body.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The most prominent include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)<\/b>: Focuses on transport protocols and lower-level internet infrastructure.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>W3C (World Wide Web Consortium)<\/b>: Oversees web-related standards like HTML and CSS.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>WHATWG<\/b>: Maintains living web standards such as the current HTML spec.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>ECMA<\/b>: Responsible for ECMAScript, the standard behind JavaScript.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>RSS Advisory Board<\/b>: Manages standards related to syndication feeds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The first step in creating a standard is deciding where it belongs. Each body serves a different technical layer of the internet. As Illyes notes, \u201cYou\u2019d take TCP replacement ideas to the IETF, not W3C.\u201d<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the-journey-from-idea-to-standard\"><\/span><b>The Journey from Idea to Standard<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Standards don\u2019t begin with authority; they begin with consensus. And consensus takes time.<\/p>\n<p>At the IETF, there are typically three paths:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Informational RFC<\/b>: Non-binding and minimally reviewed. Used to share ideas, not enforce them.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Working Group Adoption<\/b>: A team of subject-matter experts takes on a draft and develops it collectively.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Independent Submission via Dispatch<\/b>: An open call for feedback when no clear working group exists.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Once adopted, the draft is subject to exhaustive review. \u201cEvery line of the document is examined\u2014technical details, security implications, even grammar,\u201d Illyes says. That\u2019s not bureaucracy; it\u2019s a safeguard. A minor ambiguity in a parser rule could create a security vulnerability.<\/p>\n<p>Key milestones include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Consensus within the working group\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Formal Last Call for comments\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Review by multiple IETF directorates (security, editorial, etc.)\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Final approval and publication<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A standard can be published as a Proposed Standard (subject to change) or an Internet Standard (stable and foundational).<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"case-study-formalizing-robotstxt\"><\/span><b>Case Study: Formalizing Robots.txt<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For over 25 years, robots.txt has been a guideline for instructing search engines on which areas of a website to disregard. However, due to the lack of a formal standard, various parsers interpreted the rules inconsistently. That inconsistency created confusion for site owners and potential vulnerabilities for developers.<\/p>\n<p>Google engineers pushed to formalize it through the IETF. The benefits include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Unified behavior across platforms\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Improved parser reliability\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Ability to open source Google&#8217;s parser for public use\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Simplified guidance for site administrators<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This standardization effort made the file more predictable and secure. It\u2019s now a reliable tool that every major search engine interprets the same way.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"why-not-standardize-everything\"><\/span><b>Why Not Standardize Everything?<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>The team briefly considered making sitemaps.xml an official standard. But after weighing the cost against the benefit, they decided it wasn\u2019t necessary.<\/p>\n<p>Unlike robots.txt, sitemap.xml has been implemented consistently since its introduction in 2005. It doesn\u2019t suffer from divergent interpretations. Without a clear benefit, such as eliminating ambiguity or resolving security risks, standardizing it would be a costly formality.<\/p>\n<p>This reflects a principle shared throughout the conversation: standards are for solving real problems, not codifying already-settled practices.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"the-long-timelines-are-a-feature-not-a-bug\"><\/span><b>The Long Timelines Are a Feature, Not a Bug<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>One recurring theme in the podcast is the length of time it takes to move from draft to standard, often years. That slowness, the hosts argue, is essential.<\/p>\n<p>Standards must be durable. They often underpin systems that affect billions of people. A rushed or poorly designed specification can introduce security holes or break interoperability.<\/p>\n<p>Take file size limits in robots.txt. During standardization, the team set a 500 KB cap. Why? To prevent buffer overflow attacks and keep parsers from overloading. Without careful review, such risks might have been missed.<\/p>\n<p>Even the wording of a standard is scrutinized. Terms like \u201cMUST,\u201d \u201cSHOULD,\u201d and \u201cMAY\u201d are capitalized for a reason: they define obligations versus recommendations. Misusing one can change implementation behavior across the internet.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"who-can-participate-almost-anyone\"><\/span><b>Who Can Participate? Almost Anyone<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Another standout point is that the process is open. Within the IETF, there are no membership requirements. You can submit a draft, join meetings, and contribute to discussions without needing formal credentials.<\/p>\n<p>Many standards bodies follow similar practices. W3C and WHATWG host discussions publicly, often on GitHub. TC39 (JavaScript\u2019s governing group) also operates transparently. The open nature of these organizations makes them rare examples of global-scale collaboration.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"practical-lessons-for-developers-and-technologists\"><\/span><b>Practical Lessons for Developers and Technologists<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>If you work in web development, infrastructure, or technical product design, here\u2019s what you can take from this episode:<\/p>\n<p><b>Respect existing standards<\/b>: Don\u2019t reinvent solutions. Build on established protocols.<\/p>\n<p><b>Read the RFCs<\/b>: They\u2019re not just for academics. They often include practical implementation guidelines.<\/p>\n<p><b>Get involved<\/b>: Whether you submit a draft or just monitor discussions, participation is open.<\/p>\n<p><b>Don\u2019t chase standards for prestige<\/b>: Only standardize what truly needs clarity, stability, or wide adoption.<\/p>\n<p><b>Test before proposing<\/b>: Show that your idea works with a reference implementation.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"key-takeaways\"><\/span><b>Key Takeaways<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Standards are built by consensus, not imposed by authority.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">IETF, W3C, ECMA, and others each govern different technical layers.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Robots.txt became a standard to fix inconsistent behavior across the web.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Standards take years because reliability and security are paramount.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\">Anyone can participate in shaping the future of the internet.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a recent episode of Search Off the Record, Martin Splitt and Gary Illyes offered an unfiltered look into how internet standards are created.\u00a0 The conversation unpacked a process that underpins nearly every online interaction, from how websites are indexed to how data moves across networks. The episode serves as a detailed guide to how [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2487,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-seo"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How Internet Standards Are Made: Google Engineers Pull Back the Curtain - Stan Ventures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how internet standards like robots.txt are made\u2014from Google\u2019s engineers to global adoption, in a process open to everyone.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.stanventures.com\/news\/how-internet-standards-are-made-google-engineers-pull-back-the-curtain-2486\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How Internet Standards Are Made: Google Engineers Pull Back the Curtain - 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